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　　智能農(nóng)業(yè)的前世今生【中英雙語(yǔ)】

智能農(nóng)業(yè)（或稱工廠化農(nóng)業(yè)），是指在相對(duì)可控的環(huán)境條件下，采用工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)集約高效可持續(xù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代超前農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式，就是農(nóng)業(yè)先進(jìn)設(shè)施與陸地相配套、具有高度的技術(shù)規(guī)范和高效益的集約化規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的生產(chǎn)方式。

Intelligent agriculture (or factory agriculture), refers to the relatively controllable environment conditions, the industrial production, realize intensive and efficient sustainable development of modern advanced agricultural production mode, is advanced agricultural advanced facilities and land, has a high degree of technical specifications and high efficiency of intensive scale management mode of production.

智能農(nóng)業(yè)是推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化的戰(zhàn)略引擎

Intelligent agriculture is the strategic engine to promote the integration of urban and rural development

它集科研、生產(chǎn)、加工、銷售于一體，實(shí)現(xiàn)周年性、全天候、反季節(jié)的企業(yè)化規(guī)模生產(chǎn);它集成現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)工程、農(nóng)用新材料等學(xué)科，以現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施為依托，科技含量高，產(chǎn)品附加值高，土地產(chǎn)出率高和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率高，是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)革命的跨世紀(jì)工程。

It integrates scientific research, production, processing and sales, realizing annual, all-weather and off-season enterprise scale production; it integrates modern biotechnology, agricultural engineering, agricultural new materials and other disciplines, relying on modern agricultural facilities, high technology content, high added value, high land yield and high labor productivity, and is a cross-century project of the agricultural new technology revolution in China.

智能農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)采集溫室內(nèi)溫度、土壤溫度、二氧化碳濃度、濕度信號(hào)以及光照、葉面濕度、露點(diǎn)溫度等環(huán)境參數(shù)，自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟或者關(guān)閉指定設(shè)備?？梢愿鶕?jù)用戶需求，隨時(shí)進(jìn)行處理，為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生態(tài)信息自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)、對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行自動(dòng)控制和智能化管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過(guò)模塊采集溫度傳感器等信號(hào)，經(jīng)由無(wú)線信號(hào)收發(fā)模塊傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)大棚溫濕度的遠(yuǎn)程控制。智能農(nóng)業(yè)還包括智能糧庫(kù)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)將糧庫(kù)內(nèi)溫濕度變化的感知與計(jì)算機(jī)或手機(jī)的連接進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)觀察，記錄現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況以保證量糧庫(kù)的溫濕度平衡。

Intelligent agricultural products collect the greenhouse temperature, soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, humidity signal, light, leaf humidity, dew point temperature and other environmental parameters in real time, and automatically turn on or off the designated equipment. It can be processed at any time according to the needs of users, providing a scientific basis for the automatic monitoring of the comprehensive ecological information of facility agriculture, the automatic control and intelligent management of the environment. Temperaturesensors and other signals are collected through the module, and data is transmitted through the wireless signal transver module to realize the remote control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Intelligent agriculture also includes the intelligent grain depot system, which observes the perception of the temperature and humidity changes in the grain depot with the connection of the computer or mobile phone, and records the field situation to ensure the balance of the temperature and humidity of the grain depot.

傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)與智能農(nóng)業(yè)

Traditional agriculture and intelligent agriculture

傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中的澆水灌溉、施肥、打藥，農(nóng)民依靠人工估摸，全憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和感覺(jué)來(lái)完成。而應(yīng)用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，諸如瓜果蔬菜的澆水時(shí)間，施肥、打藥，怎樣保持精確的濃度，如何實(shí)行按需供給等一系列作物在不同生長(zhǎng)周期曾被"模糊"處理的問(wèn)題，都有信息化智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)定量"精確"把關(guān)，農(nóng)民只需按個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)，作個(gè)選擇，或是完全聽(tīng)"指令"， 就能種好菜、養(yǎng)好花。 從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)到現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程中，農(nóng)業(yè)信息化的發(fā)展大致經(jīng)歷了計(jì)算機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)、 數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)和智慧農(nóng)業(yè)4個(gè)過(guò)程。

In traditional agricultural production activities, watering irrigation, fertilization, medicine, farmers rely on manual estimation, all by experience and feeling to complete. And application of the Internet of things, such as fruits and vegetables watering time, fertilization, medicine, how to keep the precise concentration, how to implement on-demand supply and a series of crops in different growth cycle was "fuzzy" processing problems, have information intelligent monitoring system of real-time quantitative "accurate" control, farmers just need to press a switch, make a choice, or completely listen to "instructions", can grow good food, raise good flowers. Inthe process of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the development of agricultural informatization has roughly experienced four processes: computer agriculture, digital agriculture, precision agriculture and smart agriculture.

我國(guó)發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，面臨著資源緊缺與資源 消耗過(guò)大的雙重挑戰(zhàn)。以信息傳感設(shè)備、傳感網(wǎng)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和智能信息處理為核心的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中量化分析、智能決策、變量投入、定位操作的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)體系開(kāi)辟新的思路和有利手段，將在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用，并將進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)信息 技術(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的融合。 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的智能農(nóng)業(yè)可用于大中型農(nóng)業(yè)種植基地、設(shè)施園藝、畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖和農(nóng)產(chǎn) 品物流，布設(shè)的6種類型的無(wú)線傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)，包括空氣溫度、空氣濕度、土壤溫 度、土壤濕度、光照強(qiáng)度、二氧化碳濃度等，并通過(guò)低功耗自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的無(wú)線通信技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳感器數(shù)據(jù)的無(wú)線傳輸。所有數(shù)據(jù)匯集到中心節(jié)點(diǎn)，通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)關(guān)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)信息的多尺度（個(gè)域、視域、區(qū)域、地域）傳輸;用戶通過(guò)手機(jī)或計(jì)算機(jī)可以實(shí)時(shí)掌握農(nóng)作物現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的環(huán)境信息，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)環(huán)境參數(shù)診斷農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)狀況和病蟲(chóng)害狀況。同時(shí)，在環(huán)境參數(shù)超標(biāo)的情況下，系統(tǒng)可遠(yuǎn)程對(duì)灌溉等農(nóng)業(yè)裝備進(jìn)行控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)中、產(chǎn)后的過(guò)程監(jiān)控，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)集約、高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、生態(tài)、 安全等可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。

positioning operation of modern agricultural production management technology system open up new ideas and favorable means, will be widely used in the field of agriculture, and will further promote the integration of information technology and agricultural modernization. Intelligent agriculture based on the Internet of things can be used in large and medium-sized agricultural planting base, gardening, livestock and poultry aquaculture and agricultural products logistics, layout of six types of wireless sensor nodes, including air temperature, air humidity,temperature of soil, soil humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., and through the low power consumption since the organization network of wireless communication technology to realize wireless sensor data transmission. All data are collected to the central node and connected to the Internet or mobile network through wireless gateway to realize multi-scale transmission of agricultural information (domain, horizon, region, region) of agricultural information; users can grasp the environmental information of crop site inreal time through mobile phone or computer, and the system can diagnose crop growth and diseases and insect pests according to environmental parameters. At the same time, in the case of excessive environmental parameters, the system can remotely control irrigation and other agricultural equipment, so as to realize the process monitoring before, during and after agricultural production, and then realize the sustainable development of agricultural production such as intensive, high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecological and safe.

智能農(nóng)業(yè)最新進(jìn)展

The latest progress in intelligent agriculture

2002年，英特爾公司率先在俄勒岡建立了世界上第一個(gè)無(wú)線葡萄園。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)被分布在葡萄園的每個(gè)角落，每隔1min檢測(cè)一次土壤溫度、濕度或該區(qū)域有害物的數(shù)量，以確 保葡萄可以健康生長(zhǎng)。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，葡萄園氣候的細(xì)微變化可極大地影響葡萄酒的質(zhì)量。通過(guò)長(zhǎng)年的數(shù)據(jù)記錄以及相關(guān)分析，便能精確地掌握葡萄酒的質(zhì)地與葡萄生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的日 照、溫度、濕度的確切關(guān)系。這是一個(gè)典型的精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、智能耕種的實(shí)例。

In 2002, Intel pioneered the world's first wireless vineyard in Oregon. Sensor nodes are distributed in every corner of the vineyard, and the soil temperature, moisture, or the amount of pests in the area are detected every 1min apart to ensure a healthy growth of the grapes. The researchers found that subtle changes in the vineyard climate can greatly affect the quality of the wine. Through years of data recording and related analysis, we can accurately grasp the exact relationship between the texture of wine and the sunshine, temperature and humidity in the process of grape growth.This is a typical example of precision agriculture and intelligent farming.

2008年美國(guó)Crossbow公司開(kāi)發(fā)了基于無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的農(nóng)作物監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，基于太陽(yáng)能供電，能監(jiān)測(cè)土壤溫濕度與空氣溫度，通過(guò)Internet瀏覽器為客戶提供了農(nóng)作物健康、生長(zhǎng)情況的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，已經(jīng)在美國(guó)批量應(yīng)用。 美國(guó)加州Camalie葡萄園在4.4英畝（1 英畝=6.07畝）區(qū)域部署了20個(gè)智能節(jié)點(diǎn)， 組建了土壤溫濕度監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同時(shí)還監(jiān)測(cè)酒窖內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)溫度的變化，管理人員可通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠(yuǎn)程瀏覽和管理數(shù)據(jù)，在應(yīng)用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的監(jiān)測(cè)管理之后，葡萄園的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著提高。與2004年的2t產(chǎn)量相比，2005—2007年的產(chǎn)量逐年翻一番，分別達(dá)到了4、8和17.5t，同時(shí)也 改善了葡萄酒品質(zhì)，節(jié)省了灌溉用水。

power supply, it can monitor soil temperature and humidity and air temperature. It provides customers with real-time data on the health and growth of crops through the Internet browser, which has been used in batches in the United States. California Camalie vineyard in 4.4 acres (1 acre = 6.07 acres) area deployed 20 intelligent nodes, formed the soil temperature and humidity monitoring network, also monitor the change of the wine cellar storage temperature, management personnel can be through the network remote browsing and management data, after theof the network monitoring management, the vineyard economic benefit improved significantly. Compared with the 2t production in 2004, the output in 2005-2007 doubled annually to 4t, 8t and 17.5t respectively, which also improved wine quality and saved irrigation water.

日本富士通公司開(kāi)發(fā)的富士通農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理系統(tǒng)以全生命周期農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全控制為重點(diǎn)，帶動(dòng)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、智能畜禽和智能水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖，實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)管理、養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控與維護(hù)、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程的智能化。

The Fujitsu farm management system developed by Fujitsu Company focuses on the quality and safety control of agricultural products in the whole life cycle, driving the production of facility agriculture, intelligent livestock and poultry and intelligent aquaculture, and realizes the intelligence of facility agriculture management, remote monitoring and maintenance of breeding farms, and the whole process of aquaculture production.

江蘇省無(wú)錫陽(yáng)山鎮(zhèn)專門(mén)開(kāi)發(fā)桃園種植技術(shù)的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了高科技種桃，令人嘆為觀止。該鎮(zhèn)有25畝桃林作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)種植園的示范基地，由22個(gè)傳感器和3個(gè)微型氣象站 組成的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)充當(dāng)"智慧桃農(nóng)"。這種綠色農(nóng)業(yè)種植模式有效壓縮了成本，提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，實(shí)現(xiàn)了高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)品的種植目標(biāo)。

Yangshan Town, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, specially developed the Internet of Things monitoring system of Taoyuan planting technology, realizing high-tech peach planting, which is amazing. The town has 25 mu of peach forest as a demonstration base for the Internet of Things plantation, with a monitoring system consisting of 22 sensors and three micro-weather stations acting as "smart peach farmers."This green agricultural planting mode has effectively reduced the cost, improved the economic benefits, and achieved the planting goal of high yield and high quality products.

中科院遙感應(yīng)用研究所開(kāi)發(fā)的基于無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)和移動(dòng)通信平臺(tái)的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，解決了大棚內(nèi)監(jiān)測(cè)溫度、濕度的困難，在環(huán)境參數(shù)超過(guò)用戶設(shè)置的范圍時(shí)，系統(tǒng)可以通過(guò)短信方式對(duì)用戶進(jìn)行報(bào)警，同時(shí)用戶可利用手機(jī)短信獲取大棚內(nèi)實(shí)時(shí)的溫度、濕度 或者登錄Internet網(wǎng)頁(yè)查看，用戶還可以通過(guò)手機(jī)短信對(duì)大棚內(nèi)的澆灌系統(tǒng)、天棚等設(shè)備進(jìn) 行控制。

of Sciences developed based on wireless sensor network and mobile communication platform of agricultural ecological environment monitoring system, solve the difficulty in the greenhouse monitoring of temperature and humidity, when the environmental parameters over the user set, the system can through SMS to the user alarm, at the same time the user can use SMS for greenhouse real-time temperature, humidity or login Internet web view, the user can also through the SMS of greenhouse water system, canopy and other equipment to control.

上海交大機(jī)電控制與物流裝備研究所針對(duì)葡萄新梢生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的規(guī)律特點(diǎn)，開(kāi)發(fā)研制了 基于嵌入式控制器和CCD彩色相機(jī)的葡萄新梢生長(zhǎng)圖像數(shù)據(jù)采集記錄系統(tǒng)， 實(shí)現(xiàn)了葡萄新梢生長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)的在線監(jiān)測(cè)。該系統(tǒng)針對(duì)葡萄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育特點(diǎn)，配備球坐標(biāo)式圖像采集支架，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖像采集角度的自由調(diào)整；設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)的全光譜輔助照明裝置，大限度地減少或避免了直射光對(duì)成像質(zhì)量的影響；嵌入可編程式控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)人值守的自動(dòng)拍照模式，用戶可根據(jù)需求預(yù)先自由設(shè)定拍攝間隔，從而無(wú)需人工干預(yù)即可獲取清 晰的圖像數(shù)據(jù)。由于采用了商業(yè)化的CCD彩色相機(jī)，拍攝到的圖像分辨率高且色彩真實(shí)，有利于后續(xù)的圖像分析處理，可以得到理想的圖像分割效果和精度。同時(shí)系統(tǒng)還具備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)大容量SD卡存儲(chǔ)和遠(yuǎn)程無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸功能，既延長(zhǎng)了監(jiān)控周期，又可以實(shí)時(shí)地共享觀測(cè)結(jié)果。

and development of grape shoots, the Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Control and Logistics Equipment of Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed a grape shoot growth image data acquisition and recording system based on embedded controller and CCD color camera, which realized the online monitoring of the growth trend of grape shoots. According to the characteristics of grape growth and development, the system is equipped with a spherical coordinate image acquisition bracket to realize the free adjustment of image acquisition angle; the full spectrum auxiliary lighting device is designed and developed to reduce or avoid the influence of direct light on imaging quality; the embedded programmable controller realizes unattended automatic photo mode, users can set the shooting interval in advance according to the needs, so as to obtain clear image data without manual intervention. Due to the commercial use of CCD color camera, the image shot has high resolution and true color, which is conducive to the subsequent image analysis and processing, andthe ideal image segmentation effect and accuracy can be obtained. At the same time, the system also has the function of field large-capacity SD card storage and remote wireless network transmission, which not only extends the monitoring cycle, but also can share the observation results in real time.

我國(guó)的無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)實(shí)踐

Unmanned farm practice in our country

無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)是采用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能、5G、機(jī)器人等新一代信息技術(shù)，通過(guò)對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)設(shè)施、裝備、機(jī)械等遠(yuǎn)程控制，或通過(guò)智能裝備及機(jī)器人自主決策、自主作業(yè)，完成所有農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)、管理任務(wù)，是一種全天候、全過(guò)程、全空間的無(wú)人化生產(chǎn)作業(yè)模式，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的本質(zhì)是實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器換人。建設(shè)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)是緩解農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力短缺、推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的一個(gè)重要途徑。

No farm is the Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, robot, such as a new generation of information technology, through the farm facilities, equipment, machinery, or through intelligent equipment and robot autonomous decisions, autonomous operation, all farm production, management tasks, is a kind of all-weather, whole process, whole space unmanned production mode, the essence of no farm is to realize the machine substitution. The construction of unmanned farm is an important way to alleviate the shortage of rural labor force and promote theconstruction of modern agriculture. 

近年來(lái)，國(guó)家出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)政策及規(guī)劃，支持無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的技術(shù)研發(fā)、推廣應(yīng)用，全面提升無(wú)人化數(shù)字技術(shù)在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的應(yīng)用水平，不斷加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。

In recent years, the state has issued a number of agriculture-related policies and plans to support the technology research and development, promotion and application of unmanned farms, comprehensively improve the application level of unmanned digital technology in agricultural production, and constantly accelerate agricultural modernization.

2020年10月，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九屆中央委員會(huì)第五次全體會(huì)議《中共中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)的建議》，提出“通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能等技術(shù)，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)智能裝備，提高涉農(nóng)人員運(yùn)用信息與知識(shí)水平和管理決策能力，核心解決卡脖子與短板技術(shù)、農(nóng)村勞力短缺、人工成本高的問(wèn)題，確保農(nóng)業(yè)安全自主可控?！?/p>

In October 2020, the 19th session of the central committee of the fifth plenary meeting of the central committee of the communist party of China about the national economic and social development and 235 years vision proposal ", put forward" through agricultural big data and artificial intelligence technology, innovation and development of agricultural intelligent equipment, improve agricultural personnel using information and knowledge and management decision-making ability, core solve neck and short technology, rural labor shortage, high cost of labor, to ensureagricultural safety autonomous control.”
2021年2月，中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興加快農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的意見(jiàn)》，提出“建立農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村大數(shù)據(jù)體系，推動(dòng)新一代信息技術(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)深度融合?！?021年3月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳發(fā)布了《關(guān)于申報(bào)2021年度全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村信息化示范基地的通知》，指出“重點(diǎn)支持示范基地發(fā)展，鼓勵(lì)示范基地率先承擔(dān)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村改革試點(diǎn)示范任務(wù)，為加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化奠定基礎(chǔ)?！?/p>

Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization, which proposed to " establish a big data system for agriculture and rural areas and promote the deep integration of new-generation information technology with agricultural production and operation."In March 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on the Application for the 2021 National Agricultural and Rural Informatization Demonstration Base, pointing out that" focus on supporting the development of the demonstration bases,encourage the demonstration bases to take the lead in undertaking the pilot demonstration tasks of agricultural and rural reform, and lay a foundation for accelerating agricultural modernization.”

“十四五”是實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，為發(fā)展無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)提供了巨大的發(fā)展空間，在全力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中，結(jié)合無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用推廣，瞄準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的主攻方向，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、資源利用率和單位土地產(chǎn)出率，以實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的徹底解放。無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)代表著最先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力，是未來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向，必將引領(lǐng)數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)等現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方式的發(fā)展。

the practical application of no farm, aimed at the main direction of agricultural rural modernization, improve labor productivity, resource utilization and unit land productivity, in order to realize the complete liberation of agricultural labor force. Unmanned farm represents the most advanced agricultural productivity, is the future development direction of agriculture, and will certainly lead the development of modern agricultural methods such as digital agriculture, precision agriculture and intelligent agriculture.

a、位于粵西地區(qū)的茂名高州市也建起了一座“無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)”。位于茂名高州市寶光街道八角山村委會(huì)車田尾村的“無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)”，是高州市走向農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)大膽嘗試。據(jù)悉，該農(nóng)場(chǎng)是茂名市首個(gè)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)水稻生產(chǎn)基地，占地面積3000畝。是由嶺南現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)與技術(shù)廣東省實(shí)驗(yàn)室茂名分中心與華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)共同打造。根據(jù)南方日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)布的消息可知，該“無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)”較人工節(jié)省約六成勞動(dòng)力，同時(shí)無(wú)人技術(shù)將覆蓋水稻耕種收全環(huán)節(jié)。場(chǎng)內(nèi)的先進(jìn)機(jī)器有：無(wú)人駕駛旋耕機(jī)、無(wú)人駕駛播種機(jī)、無(wú)人駕駛插秧機(jī)、無(wú)人駕駛高地隙寬幅噴霧機(jī)和無(wú)人駕駛收獲機(jī)等一批新型無(wú)人農(nóng)機(jī)。

of Gaozhou City to move towards agricultural modernization. It is reported that the farm is the first unmanned farm rice production base in Maoming city, covering an area of 3,000 mu. It is jointly built by the Maoming Branch of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory and the Rice Production Mechanization Innovation team of South China Agricultural University. According to Nanfang Daily, the "unmanned farm" saves about 60 percent of the labor force, and the unmanned technology will cover the whole process of rice farming and harvesting. The advancedmachines in the field are: unmanned rotary tiller, unmanned planter, unmanned rice transplanter, unmanned high gap wide range sprayer and unmanned harvester and other new unmanned agricultural machinery.

b、碧桂園聯(lián)手北大荒打造的無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目在黑龍江建三江七星農(nóng)場(chǎng)舉辦農(nóng)機(jī)無(wú)人駕駛作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示會(huì)，集中展示了項(xiàng)目近一年來(lái)取得的最新成果，標(biāo)志著碧桂園農(nóng)業(yè)在無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域取得了階段性重要成就。

The unmanned farm project built by Country Garden and Beidahuang held an on-site demonstration of unmanned agricultural machinery operation in Sanjiang Qixing Farm in Heilongjiang Province, showing the latest achievements of the project in the past year, marking the important achievements of Country Garden Agriculture in the field of unmanned farm in the stage.

中國(guó)工程院院士、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授羅錫文表示，“北大荒建三江和碧桂園農(nóng)業(yè)聯(lián)合組織實(shí)施的這個(gè)無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)示范項(xiàng)目將帶動(dòng)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化大農(nóng)業(yè)加速發(fā)展，為中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)、實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展注入強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力?！?/p>

Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University, said, " The unmanned farm experimental demonstration project jointly organized by Beidahuang Sanjiang and Country Garden will accelerate the development of China's modern agriculture and inject strong impetus into the transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture and the realization of high-quality development.”

數(shù)十臺(tái)無(wú)人駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)在農(nóng)田里“大練兵”，演示現(xiàn)場(chǎng)再現(xiàn)了無(wú)人化水田筑埂、攪漿、插秧、旱直播、飛防、秋翻地、旋地以及無(wú)人化旱田滅茬、翻、耙、起壟、播種、噴藥等20項(xiàng)農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)演示，每一個(gè)無(wú)人化操作環(huán)節(jié)都精準(zhǔn)有序、平穩(wěn)順暢，讓人大開(kāi)眼界。

Dozens of unmanned agricultural machinery in the farmland "big training", demonstrate the scene of the unmanned paddy field build ridge, slurry, planting, live, dry, autumn, spinning and unmanned dry field stubble, turn, rake, ridge, sowing, spraying and other 20 agricultural machinery operation demonstration, each unmanned operation link accurate and orderly, smooth, smooth, eye-opening.

據(jù)悉，這是國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備針對(duì)大豆、玉米、水稻三大作物全流程無(wú)人化作業(yè)的第一次集中展示，標(biāo)志著碧桂園在無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域邁出了重要一步，為下一步構(gòu)建主要農(nóng)作物種植生產(chǎn)全流程無(wú)人化作業(yè)和無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的系統(tǒng)解決方案打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

It is understood that this is the domestic and foreign advanced intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment for soybean, corn, rice three crops whole process of unmanned operation for the first time, marked the country garden in the field of unmanned farm, for the next step to build the main crop planting production process of unmanned operations and unmanned farm construction operation system solutions laid a solid foundation.

北大荒集團(tuán)建三江分公司與碧桂園農(nóng)業(yè)宣布將整合多方優(yōu)勢(shì)資源，在黑龍江建三江共同打造全球首個(gè)超萬(wàn)畝的無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)示范項(xiàng)目。值得一提的是，這也是全球首個(gè)由實(shí)力龍頭企業(yè)牽頭實(shí)施，從現(xiàn)代化大農(nóng)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景的實(shí)際需求出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)集成整合多方優(yōu)質(zhì)資源、實(shí)現(xiàn)全流程無(wú)人化作業(yè)的無(wú)人化農(nóng)場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目。

Jiansanjiang Branch of Beidahuang Group and Country Garden Agriculture announced that they will integrate various superior resources to jointly build the world's first unmanned farm experimental demonstration project of more than 10,000 mu in Jiangsanjiang, Heilongjiang Province. It is worth mentioning that this is also the first unmanned farm project led by a leading enterprise. Based on the actual needs of modern large farm application scenarios, the system integrates multiple high-quality resources and realizes the whole process of unmanned operation.

項(xiàng)目實(shí)施近一年來(lái)已經(jīng)初步取得了系列成果，先后有17家國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)，共39臺(tái)（件）農(nóng)機(jī)設(shè)備參加了田間作業(yè)試驗(yàn)示范，完成了玉米大豆水稻三大農(nóng)作物單機(jī)無(wú)人駕駛田間作業(yè)耕種（插）管收運(yùn)五大環(huán)節(jié)20多個(gè)作業(yè)項(xiàng)目的試驗(yàn)示范任務(wù)，預(yù)計(jì)秋季作業(yè)結(jié)束時(shí)，全年累計(jì)可完成田間作業(yè)面積1.6萬(wàn)畝。

Project implementation for nearly a year has achieved preliminary series achievements, has 17 domestic and foreign agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises, a total of 39 (pieces) agricultural machinery equipment participated in the field experiment, completed the corn soybean rice three crops single unmanned field farming (plug) tube collector five links more than 20 project test demonstration task, is expected at the end of the autumn operation, the year can complete field operation area of 16000 mu.

C、位于劍河縣南明鎮(zhèn)的貴州省首個(gè)水稻“無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)”迎豐收。秋收稻谷，農(nóng)場(chǎng)用上了新科技——無(wú)人駕駛收割機(jī)。搭載了基于北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航的無(wú)人駕駛系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)定位、規(guī)劃、控制，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)全程無(wú)人化作業(yè)。相當(dāng)于給農(nóng)機(jī)裝上了智慧“大腦”，農(nóng)機(jī)手只需輕輕操作屏幕，就能遠(yuǎn)程操控?zé)o人駕駛收割機(jī)進(jìn)行水稻收割、脫粒、卸糧等無(wú)人化作業(yè)。

C. The first rice "unmanned farm" in Guizhou Province, located in Nanming Town, Jianhe County, welcomed the harvest. Autumn harvest rice, the farm used the new technology —— unmanned harvester. Equipped with an unmanned system based on Beidou satellite navigation, the whole unmanned operation can be realized through positioning, planning and control. It is equivalent to installing an intelligent "brain" on agricultural machinery. They only need to gently operate the screen, and they can remotely control the unmanned harvester, such as rice harvesting, threshing and

劍河縣以5000畝水稻全程機(jī)械化種植為示范，不斷加大農(nóng)業(yè)科技運(yùn)用水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)水稻種植從播種到植保到收獲，全程機(jī)械化、部分無(wú)人化作業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)工作效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益雙提高。

Jianhe County takes the whole mechanization planting of 5000 mu of rice as a demonstration, and continuously increases the application level of agricultural science and technology, realizing the whole mechanization of rice planting from sowing to plant protection to harvest, and realizing the improvement of work efficiency and economic benefits.

在這里，天上飛著無(wú)人機(jī)、地上跑著大農(nóng)機(jī)，成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)，農(nóng)機(jī)裝備水平的不斷提升，農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)的提質(zhì)擴(kuò)面，為保障國(guó)家糧食安全和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給、提升農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)效益和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力發(fā)揮了重要作用。

Here, with drones flying in the sky and large agricultural machinery running on the ground, it has become a reality. The continuous improvement of the level of agricultural machinery equipment, and the quality and expansion of agricultural machinery operation services have played an important role in ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and improving the efficiency of agricultural operation and competitiveness.

D、近日，華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)增城教研科學(xué)基地，中國(guó)工程院院士、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授、廣東農(nóng)村科技特派員羅錫文團(tuán)隊(duì)的水稻無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)喜獲豐收?！拔覀兊乃緹o(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)耕、種、管、收的全程全面機(jī)械化，未來(lái)該項(xiàng)技術(shù)有望推廣至全國(guó)各地?！?/p>

Recently, South China Agricultural University Zengcheng teaching and research science base, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong rural science and technology correspondent Luo Xiwen team of unmanned rice farm harvest."Our unmanned rice farm has realized the full mechanization of farming, planting, management and harvesting, and the technology is expected to be extended to all parts of the country in the future.”

華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水稻無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)出產(chǎn)了首批大米，這批大米的耕、種、管、收均由無(wú)人駕駛的農(nóng)機(jī)完成。采用無(wú)人駕駛旋耕機(jī)完成土地耕整；采用無(wú)人駕駛水稻旱直播機(jī)進(jìn)行水稻播種；之后采用無(wú)人駕駛高地隙噴霧機(jī)和無(wú)人直升機(jī)完成了施肥和施藥等作業(yè)；由無(wú)人駕駛收獲機(jī)和運(yùn)糧車協(xié)同完成收獲作業(yè)，在收獲現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，專家組采用五點(diǎn)抽樣法測(cè)產(chǎn)，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的水稻理論畝產(chǎn)量為558.6公斤。

The unmanned rice farm of South China Agricultural University has produced the first batch of rice, and the cultivation, planting, management and harvesting of the rice are all completed by unmanned agricultural machinery. Unmanned rotary tiller is used to complete the land; unmanned rice roller for rice sowing, and unmanned aerial harvester and unmanned helicopter to complete the harvest operation, and the expert group uses five-point sampling method to measure the yield, and the theoretical per mu yield of rice in the unmanned farm is 558.6 kg.
“無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)能把作業(yè)人員從繁重的駕駛操作中解放出來(lái)，大大提高了作業(yè)效率?！绷_錫文介紹說(shuō)，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的一種途徑，包括耕種管收生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)全覆蓋，機(jī)庫(kù)田間轉(zhuǎn)移作業(yè)全自動(dòng)，自動(dòng)避障異況停車保安全，作物生產(chǎn)過(guò)程實(shí)時(shí)全監(jiān)控，智能決策精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)全無(wú)人五大特點(diǎn)。在無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)，旋耕機(jī)、拖拉機(jī)等機(jī)械，按照設(shè)計(jì)好的程序，自己從機(jī)庫(kù)開(kāi)到田間作業(yè)再回到機(jī)庫(kù)，輕松將農(nóng)活完成，全程實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人化。

"Unmanned farms can free operators from heavy driving operations, greatly improving operational efficiency."Luo Xiwen said that unmanned farm is a way to realize smart agriculture, including full coverage of farming and harvesting production links, automatic hangar field transfer operation, automatic obstacle avoidance and different conditions to ensure safety, real-time full monitoring of crop production process, intelligent decision-making and accurate operation of all unmanned five characteristics. In the unmanned farm, rotary tiller, tractor and other machinery, according to the designed procedures, fromthe hangar to the field work and then back to the hangar, easily complete the farm work, the whole process of unmanned.

“十四五”時(shí)期我國(guó)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的發(fā)展對(duì)策

The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period

經(jīng)過(guò)多年的政策布局和項(xiàng)目實(shí)施，我國(guó)的無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)了良好的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭?！笆奈濉逼陂g，為進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，需要不斷完善無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)理論，加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實(shí)用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)，積極探索無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)發(fā)展商業(yè)模式，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化和完善無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)政策環(huán)境。

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmanned farms.

a、加強(qiáng)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)理論、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實(shí)用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)

We will strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)是新生事物，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的基礎(chǔ)理論關(guān)鍵技術(shù)有許多問(wèn)題值得進(jìn)一步深入探索。當(dāng)前迫切需要加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器、動(dòng)植物表型及生長(zhǎng)優(yōu)化調(diào)控模型、自主作業(yè)機(jī)器人等卡脖子技術(shù)的研發(fā)；在農(nóng)機(jī)無(wú)人駕駛、無(wú)人機(jī)、無(wú)人豬場(chǎng)、無(wú)人雞場(chǎng)、無(wú)人漁 場(chǎng)等數(shù)字化基礎(chǔ)好、可控性強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行率先嘗試，通過(guò)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)、委托開(kāi)發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試基地等手段，促進(jìn)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范與產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm, and promote theexperimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

b、編制無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)發(fā)展規(guī)劃

Formulate an unmanned farm development plan

圍繞無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)技術(shù)研發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)化、推廣、應(yīng)用和服務(wù)過(guò)程中的重大問(wèn)題，做好頂層設(shè)計(jì)，制定無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)在農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色區(qū)域的發(fā)展方向、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、發(fā)展模式及推進(jìn)路徑，合理布局無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)重大應(yīng)用示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化項(xiàng)目，強(qiáng)化政府對(duì)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作的宏觀指導(dǎo)和統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，集聚項(xiàng)目、資金、科技、人才等資源，促進(jìn)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用發(fā)展。

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development of the application of no farm.

c、探索無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)發(fā)展商業(yè)模式

Explore business models to develop unmanned farms

無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)最終都要商業(yè)化、企業(yè)化，要充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會(huì)、聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)的作用，構(gòu)建以應(yīng)用需求為牽引，以企業(yè)為主體，以市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)合作發(fā)展模式，鼓勵(lì)大型農(nóng)業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)積極探索。

Unmanned farms should eventually be commercialized and enterprise. We should give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, build a cooperative development mode of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance and the combination of industry, university and research, and encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore.

d、進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化和完善無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)政策環(huán)境

Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)是我國(guó)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，是未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，在當(dāng)前技術(shù)和商業(yè)模式尚不成熟的條件下，其成本高、投入大，因此需要政府構(gòu)建無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)發(fā)展的政策支持環(huán)境，加快制訂包括補(bǔ)貼、投資、金融、信貸、稅收、重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)等政策支撐體系，鼓勵(lì)民營(yíng)資本進(jìn)入，促進(jìn)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。

No farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, is the future development trend, in the current technology and business model is not mature, its high cost, investment, so the need to government build no farm development policy support environment, speed up the formulation including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, tax, major projects policy support system, encourage private capital to enter, promote the development of unmanned farm industrialization.