農業(yè)4.0時代腳步:數(shù)字農業(yè)來臨【中英雙語】

近年來，智慧農業(yè)這種利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術和農業(yè)進行深度融合，實現(xiàn)農業(yè)生產全過程信息感知、精準管理和智能控制，實現(xiàn)農業(yè)可視化診斷、遠程控制以及災害預警等功能的全新農業(yè)生產方式已嶄露頭角，數(shù)字農業(yè)科技在我國農業(yè)體系質量變革、效率變革、動力變革中正發(fā)揮著巨大推動作用。

In recent years, the wisdom of agriculture the use of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, big data and other modern information technology and agricultural depth fusion, realize the whole process of agricultural production information perception, accurate management and intelligent control, realize agricultural visual diagnosis, remote control and disaster warning function of new agricultural production mode has emerged, digital agricultural science and technology in our country agricultural system quality change, efficiency, power change is playing a huge role.

在第二十六屆中國楊凌農高會暨上合組織國家農業(yè)系列活動期間，數(shù)字農業(yè)展示交流板塊尤其引人關注。“蘋果多品質一體化智能檢測設備”“智慧農業(yè)控制云”、大疆農用無人機、蘋果衛(wèi)星遙感大數(shù)據(jù)平臺等各類基于聲光電網(wǎng)的數(shù)字農業(yè)技術和產品不僅令現(xiàn)代農業(yè)更時尚，也生動詮釋著農業(yè)4.0時代的腳步。

During the 26th China Yangling Agricultural High Technology Association and SCO Agricultural series activities, the digital agriculture exhibition and exchange section attracted special attention."Apple multi-quality integrated intelligent detection equipment", "intelligent agriculture control cloud", DJI agricultural UAV, Apple satellite remote sensing big data platform and other digital agricultural technologies and products based on audio and optical grid not only make modern agriculture more fashionable, but also vividly interpret the pace of the agricultural 4.0 era.

“掃碼買蘋果，再也不怕酸了”！在西農機電展臺，由西北農林科技大學研發(fā)的“蘋果多品質一體化智能檢測設備”，以傳感器無損檢測，可即時分析出蘋果的糖度、酸度、硬度、糖酸比等指標，并生成二維碼張貼于受檢蘋果之上，為消費者購買蘋果提供精準數(shù)據(jù)參考。

"Scan the code to buy apples, no longer afraid of acid"! In west agricultural machinery electric booth, by the northwest agriculture and forestry university of science and technology research and development of "apple more quality integration intelligent detection equipment", with sensor nondestructive testing, can immediately analyze the apple sugar, acidity, hardness, sugar acid ratio index, and generate qr code posted on tested apple, provide accurate data for consumers to buy apple reference.

以“5G時代下的數(shù)字農業(yè)”為主題的中國（楊凌）數(shù)字農業(yè)大會，則圍繞“聚焦數(shù)字資源、引領智慧創(chuàng)新、促進產業(yè)升級、推動三產融合”等展開交流互動， 專家們以實例分析認為，在經歷了生物農業(yè)、化學農業(yè)、機械農業(yè)階段后，我國正探索邁進以信息知識為生產要素，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算、自動化、智能裝備應用為特征的現(xiàn)代智慧農業(yè)4.0時代。以種植過程公開化、勞力管理智能化、種植技術智能化、農業(yè)管理智能化為場景的新型農業(yè)模式趨勢漸成。AI+5G正在構建農業(yè)新生態(tài)，農業(yè)機器人、農作物監(jiān)測、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、病蟲害預測、資產盤點、生產監(jiān)控等農業(yè)人工智能應用空間巨大。

With "5G under the era of digital agriculture" as the theme of China (yangling) digital agriculture conference, is around the "focus on digital resources, leading wisdom innovation, promote industrial upgrading, promote tertiary industry integration" interaction, experts to example analysis, after the biological agriculture, chemical agriculture, mechanical agriculture stage, our country is exploring into information knowledge as the factors of production, Internet, Internet, big data, cloud computing, automation, intelligent equipment application as the characteristics of modernwisdom agriculture 4.0 era. The trend of the new agricultural mode with the open planting process, intelligent labor management, intelligent planting technology and intelligent agricultural management is gradually becoming. AI + 5G is building a new agricultural ecology, and there is a huge space for agricultural AI applications such as agricultural robots, crop monitoring, environmental monitoring, disease and insect pest prediction, asset inventory and production monitoring.

剛剛開園的楊凌智慧農業(yè)示范園是上合組織農業(yè)國際合作實訓基地。負責園區(qū)投資運營的楊凌農科集團董事長劉敏哲認為，隨著5G、人工智能和大數(shù)據(jù)等新技術應用推廣以及大量年輕新型職業(yè)農民群體壯大，數(shù)字農業(yè)在我國的發(fā)展空間巨大，前景廣闊。未來數(shù)字農業(yè)的種植研究，重點是要抓品種創(chuàng)新，抓植物生長模型的建立，抓服務于水肥溫光氣的設施設備創(chuàng)新和系統(tǒng)的技術創(chuàng)新，由此才能拉長產業(yè)鏈條。

the park, believes that with the application of new technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and big data and the growth of a large number of young and new professional farmers, digital agriculture has huge development space and broad prospects in China. In the future, the planting research of digital agriculture should focus on variety innovation, the establishment of plant growth model, the innovation of facilities and equipment and the system of water, fertilizer, light and gas, so as to lengthen the industrial chain.

“數(shù)字農業(yè)的價值顯而易見，但難題短板也不容忽視?！被墼妻r業(yè)信息公司經理韋日輝等與會代表認為，首先是智慧農業(yè)開發(fā)的成本問題，以重要基礎元件傳感器為例，在2G時代，基于GPRS技術的傳感器終端用戶付出的成本約200元，在4G、5G時代，基于NB-TOT通訊協(xié)議的成本可降至50元，但其價格仍無法被普通農戶所接受。同時，因普及度不高，導致智慧農業(yè)軟件企業(yè)開發(fā)軟件成本居高不下，這也是限制行業(yè)規(guī)模化發(fā)展的瓶頸問題。其次是推廣困難，目前我國農業(yè)生產模式普遍為以家庭為單位的小型耕種模式，對智慧農業(yè)技術和軟硬件的接受程度普遍偏低。此外，巨大的人才缺口也制約了智慧農業(yè)發(fā)展速度。

basic components sensor, for example, in the era of 2G, sensor based on GPRS technology end user cost of about 200 yuan, in the era of 4G, 5G, based on NB-TOT communication protocol cost can be reduced to 50 yuan, but the price is still cannot be accepted by ordinary farmers. At the same time, due to the low popularity, the software development cost of smart agricultural software enterprises is high, which is also the bottleneck problem restricting the large-scale development of the industry. Secondly, it is difficult to promote it. At present, China's agricultural production mode is generally a family-basedsmall-scale farming mode, and the acceptance degree of intelligent agricultural technology and hardware and software is generally low. In addition, the huge talent gap also restricts the development speed of smart agriculture.